Physical Sciences
1. Energy and matter have multiple forms and can be changed from one form to another. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a. Students know energy comes from the Sun to Earth in the form of light. b. Students know sources of stored energy take many forms, such as food, fuel, and batteries. c. Students know machines and living things convert stored energy to motion and heat.
d. Students know energy can be carried from one place to another by waves, such as water waves and sound waves, by electric current, and by moving objects.
e. Students know matter has three forms: solid, liquid, and gas. f. Students know evaporation and melting are changes that occur when the objects are heated. g. Students know that when two or more substances are combined, a new substance may be formed with properties that are different from those of the original materials. h. Students know all matter is made of small particles called atoms, too small to see with the naked eye. i. Students know people once thought that earth, wind, fire, and water were the basic elements that made up all matter. Science experiments show that there are
more than 100 different types of atoms, which are presented on the periodic table of the elements.
2. Light has a source and travels in a direction. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a.
Students know sunlight can be blocked to create shadows.
b.
Students know light is reflected from mirrors and other surfaces.

c.
Students know the color of light striking an object affects the way the object is seen.
d.
Students know an object is seen when light traveling from the object enters the eye.

Physical Sciences
1. Electricity and magnetism are related effects that have many useful applications in everyday life. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know how to design and build simple series and parallel circuits by using components such as wires, batteries, and bulbs. b. Students know how to build a simple compass and use it to detect magnetic effects, including Earth’s magnetic field. c. Students know electric currents produce magnetic fields and know how to build a simple electromagnet. d. Students know the role of electromagnets in the construction of electric motors, electric generators, and simple devices, such as doorbells and earphones.
e. Students know electrically charged objects attract or repel each other.
f. Students know that magnets have two poles (north and south) and that like poles repel each other while unlike poles attract each other.
g. Students know electrical energy can be converted to heat, light, and motion.

Investigation and Experimentation
5. Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations. As a basis for understanding this concept and addressing the content in the other three strands, students should develop their own questions and perform investigations. Students will:
a. Repeat observations to improve accuracy and know that the results of similar scientific investigations seldom turn out exactly the same because of differences in the things being investigated, methods being used, or uncertainty in the observation.
b. Differentiate evidence from opinion and know that scientists do not rely on claims or conclusions unless they are backed by observations that can be confirmed.
c. Use numerical data in describing and comparing objects, events, and measurements. d. Predict the outcome of a simple investigation and compare the result with the prediction. e. Collect data in an investigation and analyze those data to develop a logical conclusion.